Java Operators

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What is operator in Java?

An operator is a symbol that indicated operations to be performed on variables. Operators are used in programs to manipulate data and variables.

Operators are classified into following categories

1. Arithmetic operators
2. Logical operators
3. Relational operators
4. Assignment operators
5. Increment/Decrement operator
6. Conditional operators

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform on Mathematical expressions and the computations.

Following list shows the different Arithmetic operators

Operator	Meaning of operator
+	Addition or unary plus
-	Subtraction or unary minus
*	Multiplication
/	Division
%	Modulus or remainder

Example - Arithmetic operations on java using Arithmetic operators

We are getting values from user throw commandline argument

Integer , Real and Mixed mode arithmetic

when an expression contains both integer values then expression is called as Integer expression.
Ex- 12 + 30

when both the operands in the expression are real, then the expression is called Real arithmetic.
Ex- 12.3 + 66.32

when both the operands are of the different types then expression is called as Mixed mode arithmetic.
Ex- 3.14 + 55

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Logical Operators

The logical operators are the operators which are used to form multiple conditions by combining two or more relations.

Logical expression gives true or false value, based on expression.

There are 3 Logical operators

• AND (&&) Operator
• OR (||) Operator
• NOT (!) Operator

1. AND (&&) :

Logical AND is used when we want to check for both conditions to be same. It returns true when both the conditions are same otherwise returns false.

2. OR (||) :

Logical OR is used when we want to check for only one condition to be true. It returns true when anyone condition becomes true .

3. NOT (!) :

It negates the result of expression from non zero to zero. It makes the result as true.

Operator	Meaning of operator	Example	Result
&&	Logical AND	((10 < 20) && (10 > 50))	false
||	Logical OR	((30 < 20) || (30 > 5))	true
!	Logical NOT	(! (50 > 100))	true

Above results are obtained based on below truth table of logical operations

Truth table of Logical Operators (true = T , false = F)

Operand 1	Operand 2	&&	||
T	T	T	T
T	F	F	T
F	T	F	T
F	F	F	F

Example

Comparing the above numbers by logical operators using if-else statement.

class ArithOperations
{
   public static void  main(String args[])
   {
      int first, second;

      first = Integer.parseInt(arg[0]);
      second = Integer.parseInt(arg[1]);

      System.out.println("Addition : "+ (first + second));

      System.out.println("Subtraction : "+ (first - second));

      System.out.println("Multiplication : "+ (first * second));

      System.out.println("Division : "+ (first / second));
   }
}

Output

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Relational Operator

When the comparison between two quantities is performed depending on their relation, certain decisions are made.
Ex- If we compare salaries of two persons for finding who have more salary then relational operators are used.

The value of relational expression is either true or false. Java supports 6 relational operators as below

Operator	Operator Meaning	Example	Result
<	Less than	20 < 10	true
>	Greater than	20 > 10	true
==	Equals to	33 == 44	false
<=	Less than or equals to	50 <= 90	true
=>	Greater than or equals to	68 => 90	false
!=	Not equals to	50 != 90	true

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Assignment Operator

Assignment operators are used to assign the value of an expression to a variable. Assignment operator ‘ = ‘ is used in the program for assignment.

Syntax :

variable = value;

Example : int a = 500;

Simple assignment and Shorthand assignment

Assume B = 5

Simple Assignment	Shorthand Assignment	Result
B = B + 1	B += 1	6
B = B - 1	B -= 1	5
B = B * (1+1)	B += (1+1)	7
B = B / (1+1)	B /= (1+1)	5 % 2
B = B % 5	B %= 5	5 % 5

What are the benefits of Shorthand operators?

1. Repetition is avoided
2. Statement becomes more simple and short
3. It results in more useful code
4. Very easy to read

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Increment and Decrement Operators

The increment (double ++) adds one or increments the value by 1. And the decrement (double --) subtracts or decrements the value by 1

Increment and Decrement has following forms

Operator	Meaning	What it does?
C++	Post increment	First prints the value then increments C by 1
++C	Pre increment	First increments the value by 1 then prints C
C--	Post increment	First Prints the value then decrements C by 1
--C	Pre increment	First decrements the C by 1 then prints value

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Conditional operator

The conditional operator (?) is a ternary operator in java, which is used to construct conditional expression.

We will see in more detail in Decision making chapter.

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